EVS (Class-V, MVM-1, Guwahati) Revision Questions

Our five sense organs work together to help us in our daily activities and collect information from our surroundings.

When we eat, our eyes look for the food on the table, our nose smells it, our hand tells whether it is hot or cold, our tongue tastes the food and our ears hear the sound of crispy food being chewed.

Each sense organ has nerve receptors. These receptors send messages to the brain and the brain processes the information and tells us what we are seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting or touching.

Our brain is the main source of all information and guides us how to respond to the information.

If we touch something hot, the receptors in our hand tell this to the brain and we pull away our hand immediately.

Ears pick up sound waves and pass them to the brain. The brain processes these signals and we hear the sound.

Sound is measured in decibels. Louder the sound, more are the decibels.

A dog is far better and quick in listening to even the minutest sound as compared to humans.

Eyes pick up light waves and pass them to the brain. The brain processes the signals and we see what is in front of us.

No, humans cannot see all types of light. The ultraviolet light that is invisible to us can be seen by bees and other animals.

The coloured part of the eye is called the iris.

Most of the birds have eyes on either side of their head. In most birds the eyes are fixed, so they need to turn their heads to see around them.

The inside of the nose is covered with tiny hairs that act as smell receptors and send impulses to the brain. The brain processes these impulses and we smell the food in front of us or anything else around us.

Humans have a reasonable sense of smell, but dogs depend far more on this sense. Sharks have excellent sense of smell, and mosquitoes can find us by the smell of our body.

The parts of the brain that process smell information are also involved in memory. Sometimes, when we smell something, it brings back memories associated with that object.

Skin is covered with different types of receptor cells. Each type of receptor cell picks up a different feeling such as pressure, pain and temperature, hot and cold.

The receptors send impulses to the brain. The brain processes these impulses and we feel what is around us.

The four basic tastes are salty, sweet, sour and bitter.

The human tongue is covered in taste buds which are made up of receptor cells.

Each receptor cell responds best to one of the basic tastes. As we eat, the receptor cells send impulses to the brain and the brain processes these impulses and we get the taste of what is in our mouth.

Our sense of taste depends on other senses like smell and sight.

There are probably about 10,000 taste buds on our tongue.

Hunting animals, like the cheetah, need very good eyesight to find their prey.

Birds of prey like eagle, kite and vulture can see four times as far as we can.

Nocturnal animals often have very large eyes to maximize the amount they see at night, but they also rely heavily on their sense of hearing.

Some spiders have eight eyes.

Platypus has very poor eyesight. To find food, it uses its bill to grub around in mud to find shrimp and shell fish. Its bill is filled with sensitive electro receptors that pick up electrical impulses given off by the movement of its prey.

Bats have very poor eyesight. Instead, they use a special sound system called sonar to find their way about in the dark. They usually have very big ears to hear the sounds around them.

Snakes actually smell with their tongues. They flick their tongues in and out to taste and smell the air around them.

Some snakes can detect the heat of other animals around them.

Tigers have whiskers that help them to feel vibrations in air and know at what distance their prey is.

The tiger's sense of hearing is so sharp that it can make out a difference between the rustling of the leaves and the sound of any animal moving in the grass.

We should not throw broken glass pieces, blades and other things thoughtlessly. We should think before we throw.

We understand how hard life must have been for people who are deprived of any of the body part or senses and fighting their disability.

Sudha Chandran is the living example of strong will and determination.

She was born in a Tamil family in 1964.

Her father, Mr Chandran, was working with the American Centre in Mumbai.

Her mother, Mrs Thangam, was a lover of art and from the beginning exposed her children to a rich cultural heritage.

Sudha was very fond of dancing.

She started dancing on her own at the age of three.

Her parents brought her to the famous dance school Kala Sadan in Mumbai for formal training.

She was not given admission because she was only 5 years old and the principal K S Ramaswamy Bhagavatar felt that the child was too young to learn a classical dance like Bharatnatyam.

Her father requested the principal to at least see the child dance once. The principal was surprised to see Sudha perform so beautifully and finally admitted her.

Sudha gave her first dance performance at the age of eight.

She did her schooling from St Joseph's Convent School.

By the age of seventeen, she completed 75 stage performances.

She became a confident performer who never had stage fright.

On May 2, 1981 Sudha was travelling in a bus to the Tiruchi temple along with her parents. At midnight, the bus met with an accident and collided with a truck.

Sudha, who was seated two seats behind the driver, was badly injured. Her right leg was critically injured.

The doctor made a mistake. He plastered the leg. If it had been left open, the gangrene could have been prevented.

After examination doctors concluded that her leg had developed gangrene. In order to save her life the leg had to be amputated.

Sudha remained in a state of shock for some time, but she did not lose hope. Gradually her confidence returned.

She began walking with the help of a wooden leg and crutches.

Her father at that point of her life was a major source of motivation for her.

On the advice of people, her father bought her a wheelchair but she did not use it. Despite severe pain, she continuously practised walking.

Six months after her leg amputation, one day she read in a magazine about Dr Sethi of Jaipur who had started manufacturing artificial legs.

The quality of these legs were said to be so good that one could climb trees with these artificial legs.

Dr Sethi was a specialist in artificial limbs and recipient of the Raman Magsaysay Award.

He got a foot manufactured made of aluminium and was very light. An arrangement was made so that the leg could rotate easily.

After getting the light artificial leg that could rotate easily, Sudha returned to Mumbai with a renewed vigour.

Her leg would often bleed and as the movements of the leg became faster, the pain became more severe.

Dr Sethi deputed an assistant to study Sudha's dance and make the changes as per the requirements of dance.

She used to bear the pain and did not allow her face to reflect her agony.

On January 28, 1984, she was supposed to present a dance programme along with another dancer Preeti in a hall of the South India Welfare Society of Mumbai.

She had received two important awards, Nritya Mayuri from the Dance Academy and Bharatnatyam and Nav Jyoti from the Telugu Academy.

At the end of the show, the hall echoed with thundering applause. The programme was considered very successful.

Ramoji Rao praised her and decided to produce a film based on her life story. The film was titled Mayuri and was directed by A Srinivasan. Sudha herself was cast as the protagonist.

The Hindi film was titled Naache Mayuri.

This film spread the news of her talent in the entire nation and was seen and appreciated in several countries including America.

Sudha married the man of her dreams in 1995. Her husband, Ravi, is in the film line.

She found that working in TV soap operas was more attractive because she could reach common people more quickly and frequently through this medium.

Her performances in Kabhi Idhar Kabhi Udhar, Chashme Budhur, Aparajita and Young? were widely appreciated. She also took up roles in children's programmes like Shaktiman and detective serials such as Commander and Marshal.

Her journey of acting started with Telugu films but she worked in Hindi and Tamil films as well.

She has proved to the world that despite a disability, one can touch the peak of success.

It is the team spirit which works wonders in any game we play.

The games which you play with your friends inside a room require more mental strength. These games are indoor games.

Those games which you play in the open ground outside your home or school are called outdoor games. These games require more physical stamina.

This chapter discusses the games which require physical stamina as well as team spirit.

Some examples of team games mentioned are cricket, basket, rugby and hockey.

Hockey is played with 11 players.

These 11 players together have to strive to score a goal.

The most important thing in hockey is that you do not play for individual fame but for the team and with the team, to achieve the goal.

India's national game, hockey, found its roots during the time of Imperial rule. It was introduced by the British regiment and soon became a favourite sports activity in India.

The first Indian hockey club was founded in 1885 to 1886 in Calcutta, present day Kolkata.

Soon after, similar clubs started in Bombay, present day Mumbai, and Punjab as well.

The 1928 Amsterdam Olympic Games gave hockey the much needed boost. India recorded a smashing victory in its debut game.

India created a record win of six straight Olympic gold medals from 1928 to 1956 and this has remained an unbroken record.

The legendary players mentioned are Balbir Singh, Dhyan Chand, K D Singh and Babu.

The Indian Hockey Federation, IHF, as the central administrative body, strengthened the game in the country.

Today, hockey is one of the most popular and loved sports in India, though with the rising popularity of cricket, hockey seems to be losing its old glory.

Movies like Chak De India is one such effort to promote our national game.

Dhyan Chand was a legend of Indian hockey who made a great contribution in enhancing the prestige of Indian hockey in the eyes of the world.

He was born on 29th August, 1905, in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh.

He joined the army at the age of sixteen.

Dhyan Chand started playing hockey in the army and was included in the Indian Hockey team for the 1928 Amsterdam Olympics.

He was the captain of the gold medal winning Indian Hockey team in the historic 1936 Berlin Olympics.

Dhyan Chand scored 101 goals at the Olympic Games.

He scored 300 goals in other international matches and his record still stands unbeaten.

Dhyan Chand had a wonderful command in wielding the hockey stick and this earned him the title Hockey Wizard.

He scored 11 goals of the total 28 goals scored by India at the Amsterdam Olympic Games.

He died on December 3, 1979.

The first Indian sports team to ever set foot in Australia and New Zealand in 1926, Europe in 1928 and Japan and USA in 1932 were the Indian hockey teams.

Sports help us build up our physical stamina and team spirit.

Animals play very important roles in our lives. They are friendly pets, are used as mode of transport and to lift heavy things from here to there. They are also raised for food and provide products that are important to everyday life.

Cattle provide us with nutritional dairy products like milk, cheese, yogurt, butter and ice cream. Other dairy products include sour cream, cottage cheese, whey, cream cheese and condensed milk.

Dairy products are often used in cooking and baking and contain calcium, which help to strengthen our bones.

Tallow is fat from cattle.

Tallow is used in wax paper, crayons, margarine, paints, rubber, lubricants, candles, soaps, lipsticks, shaving creams and other cosmetics.

Gelatin is a protein obtained by boiling skin, tendons, ligaments and or bones of cattle in water.

Gelatin is used in shampoos, face masks and other cosmetics. It is also used in foods as a thickener for fruit gelatins or jelly and puddings, candies and marshmallows.

Leather comes from the hides or skin of animals.

Leather is used to make wallets, purses, shoes and car upholstery.

Leather can be made from the skin of pigs, cattle, sheep, goats and exotic species such as alligators.

Poultry animals provide us with meat, eggs and feathers.

Poultry meat, mainly meat from chickens, can come in many different forms such as nuggets, boneless, roasted or fried.

Chickens produce eggs which serve as a source of protein and are used in baking.

Some lesser known members of the poultry family include turkeys, ducks and geese.

The eggs from all three of these species are safe to eat. They are sometimes just larger in size or a different color than traditional chicken eggs.

Feathers from ducks and geese are used as stuffing in jackets and pillows.

The oceans, lakes, rivers and streams of the world provide us with different types of nutritious foods.

Fish serve as a source of protein. Fish eggs, called caviar, are also used as food. Fish oils are a by product of fish and are said to improve mental health, decrease the risk of cancer and increase heart health.

Seafood can include products such as shrimp, squid, mussels, lobsters, prawns, clams and crab.

Sheep produce milk, meat, wool, leather and other useful products.

Like cows, sheep produce milk that is safe for people to drink. This milk can be made into cheese, yogurt and various other dairy products.

Sheep provide meat in the form of lamb.

Sheep meat is mainly consumed in Europe and the Mid East, but sheep are mainly raised in Australia and New Zealand.

Wool is sheep hair that is shaved off during hot weather.

After processing, wool can be made into shirts, socks, yarn for knitting and tennis ball covers.

Sheep skins are turned into leather used in car upholstery, clothing and shoes. The bones, hooves and horns of sheep are used to make products such as gelatin, tape, brushes and pet food ingredients.

Goats provide us with meat, milk and wool.

Meat from goats is a type of red meat and a popular protein source in developing countries.

Goats produce milk that can be made into cheese, yoghurt, soap and baby formula. Goat's milk is a good replacement for babies who are allergic to cow's milk.

Soft cashmere comes from the wool of certain types of goats called cashmere goats.

Other types of goats, such as Angora goats, also produce wool, but it is different than cashmere.

All wools can be used to make clothing such as sweaters, socks and scarves.

Horses are often ridden for fun or used by farmers to herd animals. Their milk is consumed and is often fermented into a drink called kousmiss. Meat from horses is also consumed in many countries around the world.

Pork is the most widely consumed meat in the world.

People eat many different pork products such as bacon, sausage and pork chops.

Products from swine include insulin for the regulation of diabetes, valves for human heart surgery, suede for shoes and clothing, and gelatin for foods and non food uses.

Lard is fat from pig abdomens and is used in shaving creams, soaps, make up, baked goods and other foods.

Honey bees help crops grow by pollinating plants.

Bees make honey from the nectar of plants which is collected by bee keepers.

Honey can be used as an all natural sweetener and in hand lotions, soaps, natural cough suppressant and also as a natural form of energy. Honey is also a source of carbohydrates that provide energy to your muscles.

Beeswax is used to make candles, lipstick, lotions, shoe polish, crayons, chewing gum and floor wax.

Silkworms provide us with silk which is used for clothes and furnishing.

The rearing of silkworms for the production of raw silk is known as sericulture.

The stages are egg, larva, pupa and adult.

In the egg stage, the female moth lays many tiny eggs.

A tiny black caterpillar hatches out of its egg. The caterpillar eats mulberry leaves, grows bigger and bigger and goes through 4 molts.

The caterpillar spins a cocoon of silk threads around itself.

Inside the cocoon, the caterpillar changes into a pupa.

The pupa changes into a moth. The moth comes out of the cocoon and the adult moths mate with each other.

People unwind the silk thread from the cocoons to weave into silk cloth.

When the eggs hatch, the caterpillars are fed mulberry leaves.

When the silkworms are about 25 days old, they are 10,000 times heavier than when they were hatched.

The silk is produced in two glands in the silkworm's head and then forced out in liquid form through openings called spinnerets.

The silk solidifies when it comes into contact with air.

The silkworm spins approximately one mile of filament and completely encloses itself in a cocoon in about two or three days.

5500 silkworms are required to produce one kilogram of silk.

The silk is obtained from the undamaged cocoons by brushing the cocoon to find the outside ends of the filament.

The silk filaments are then wound on a reel.

One cocoon contains approximately 950 metres of silk filament.

The silk at this stage is known as raw silk. Just one thread consists of 48 individual silk filaments.

When we use by products from animals, we can reduce waste and be more eco friendly. We are able to take items that would otherwise be thrown away and turn them into something that benefits society.